管理运筹学应用包括:
- 市场销售(在广告预算和媒体的选择、竞争性定价、新产品开发、销售计划的制定等方面。如美国杜邦公司在五十年代起就非常重视将作业研究用于研究如何做好广告工作、产品定价和新产品的引入。通用电力公司对某些市场进行模拟研究)
- 生产计划(在总体计划方面主要是从总体确定生产、储存和劳动力的配合等计划以适应变动的需求计划,主要用线性规划和仿真方法等。此外,还可用于生产作业计划、日程表的编排等。还有在合理下料、配料问题、物料管理等方面的应用)
- 库存管理(存货模型将库存理论与计算器的物料管理信息系统相结合,主要应用于多种物料库存量的管理,确定某些设备的能力或容量,如工厂的库存、停车厂的大小、新增发电设备容量大小、计算机的主存储器容量、合理的水库容量等)
- 财政和会计(这里涉及预算、贷款、成本分析、定价、投资、证券管理、现金管理等。用得较多的方法是:统计分析、数学规划、决策分析。此外,还有盈亏点分析法、价值分析法等)
- 人事管理(这里涉及六方面。(1)人员的获得和需求估计;(2)人才的开发,即进行教育和训练;(3)人员的分配,主要是各种指派问题;(4)各类人员的合理利用问题;(5)人才的评价,其中有如何测定一个人对组织、社会的贡献;(6)薪资和津贴的确定等)
- 计算器和讯息系统(将作业研究应用于计算机的主存储器配置,研究等候理论在不同排队规则对磁盘、磁鼓和光盘工作性能的影响。有人利用整数规划寻找满足一组需求档案的寻找次序,利用图论、数学规划等方法研究计算器讯息系统的自动设计)
- 城市管理(包括各种紧急服务救难系统的设计和运用。如消防队救火站、救护车、警车等分布点的设立。美国曾用等候理论方法来确定纽约市紧急电话站的值班人数。加拿大亦曾研究一城市警车的配置和负责范围,事故发生后警车应走的路线等。此外,诸如城市垃圾的清扫、搬运和处理;城市供水和污水处理系统的规划等等)
Management operations research applications include:
- Marketing (in terms of advertising budget and media selection, competitive pricing, new product development, sales plan formulation, etc.. For example, DuPont of the United States has attached great importance to the use of operational research to study how to do advertising work since the 1950s. , Product pricing and the introduction of new products. General Electric Company conducts simulation studies on certain markets)
- Production plan (in the overall plan, it is mainly to determine the production, storage, and labor coordination from the overall plan to adapt to changing demand plans, mainly using linear programming and simulation methods. In addition, it can also be used for production operation plans and schedules. Arrangement, etc. There are also applications in reasonable cutting, batching issues, material management, etc.)
- Inventory management (the inventory model combines the inventory theory with the material management information system of the calculator. It is mainly used to manage the inventory of a variety of materials to determine the capacity or capacity of certain equipment, such as the inventory of the factory, the size of the parking plant, Newly added power generation equipment capacity, computer main memory capacity, reasonable reservoir capacity, etc.)
- Finance and accounting (this involves budgeting, loans, cost analysis, pricing, investment, securities management, cash management, etc.. The more commonly used methods are: statistical analysis, mathematical planning, decision analysis. In addition, there are profit and loss point analysis methods , Value analysis, etc.)
- Personnel management (six aspects are involved here. (1) Personnel acquisition and demand estimation; (2) Personnel development, that is, education and training; (3) Personnel allocation, mainly various assignment issues; (4) Each The rational use of such personnel; (5) The evaluation of talents, including how to measure a person’s contribution to the organization and society; (6) The determination of salary and allowances, etc.)
- Calculator and information system (applying the work research to the computer’s main memory configuration, studying the effect of waiting theory on the performance of disks, drums and optical disks in different queuing rules. Someone uses integer programming to find the order of finding files that meet a set of requirements , Using graph theory, mathematical programming and other methods to study the automatic design of computer information systems)
- City management (including the design and application of various emergency services and rescue systems. For example, the establishment of distribution points for firefighting stations, ambulances, police cars, etc.). The United States has used waiting theory to determine the number of people on duty at emergency telephone stations in New York City. Canada has also studied the configuration and scope of responsibility of police cars in a city, the route that police cars should take after an accident, etc. In addition, such as the cleaning, handling and treatment of urban garbage; the planning of urban water supply and sewage treatment systems, etc.)
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